Tinyhttpd 是J. David Blackstone在1999年写的超轻量型 Http Serve
项目地址:https://github.com/EZLippi/Tinyhttpd
需要安装perl和perl-cgi
如果是wsl,不要把项目放到windows上,因为需要chmod改权限,所以我扔到~/了
make时会报
undefined reference to `pthread_create'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Makefile:4: recipe for target 'httpd' failed
make: *** [httpd] Error 1
改Makefile,加上-lpthread
all: httpd client
LIBS = -lpthread #-lsocket
httpd: httpd.c
gcc -g -W -Wall $(LIBS) -o $@ $< -lpthread
client: simpleclient.c
gcc -W -Wall -o $@ $<
clean:
rm httpd
htdoc中,index.html不能有可执行权限,否则不能正常显示,check.cgi和color.cgi必须有可执行权限,否则输入颜色后没反应
/* J. David's webserver */
/* This is a simple webserver.
* Created November 1999 by J. David Blackstone.
* CSE 4344 (Network concepts), Prof. Zeigler
* University of Texas at Arlington
*/
/* This program compiles for Sparc Solaris 2.6.
* To compile for Linux:
* 1) Comment out the #include <pthread.h> line.
* 2) Comment out the line that defines the variable newthread.
* 3) Comment out the two lines that run pthread_create().
* 4) Uncomment the line that runs accept_request().
* 5) Remove -lsocket from the Makefile.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#define ISspace(x) isspace((int)(x))
#define SERVER_STRING "Server: jdbhttpd/0.1.0\r\n"
#define STDIN 0
#define STDOUT 1
#define STDERR 2
void accept_request(void *);//接受请求
void bad_request(int);//http 400错误-请求无效
void cat(int, FILE *);//读文件
void cannot_execute(int);//http 500错误-内部服务器错误
void error_die(const char *);//输出报错信息
void execute_cgi(int, const char *, const char *, const char *);//执行cgi
int get_line(int, char *, int);//读取一行
void headers(int, const char *);//http 200-请求成功
void not_found(int);//http 404错误-请求的网页不存在
void serve_file(int, const char *);//不是cgi,直接读文件返回
int startup(u_short *);//开tcp
void unimplemented(int);//http 501错误-未实现
/**********************************************************************/
/* A request has caused a call to accept() on the server port to
* return. Process the request appropriately.
* Parameters: the socket connected to the client */
/**********************************************************************/
//GET / HTTP/1.1
//Host: 127.0.0.1:4000
//Cache-Control: max-age=0
//Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
//User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36
//Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
//Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
//Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
//Cookie: session=dd3ca7df-0729-436d-864b-d1f1851b2d97
//Connection: close
//POST /color.cgi HTTP/1.1
//Host: 127.0.0.1:4000
//Content-Length: 9
//Cache-Control: max-age=0
//Origin: http://127.0.0.1:4000
//Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
//Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
//User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36
//Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3
//Referer: http://127.0.0.1:4000/
//Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
//Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
//Cookie: session=dd3ca7df-0729-436d-864b-d1f1851b2d97
//Connection: close
//color=red
void accept_request(void *arg)
{
int client = (intptr_t)arg;
char buf[1024];
size_t numchars;
char method[255];
char url[255];
char path[512];
size_t i, j;
struct stat st;
int cgi = 0; /* becomes true if server decides this is a CGI
* program */
char *query_string = NULL;
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));//读http请求头第一行,判断请求方法
i = 0; j = 0;
while (!ISspace(buf[i]) && (i < sizeof(method) - 1))//获取请求方法
{
method[i] = buf[i];
i++;
}
j=i;
method[i] = '\0';
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") && strcasecmp(method, "POST"))//判断是GET还是POST,如果都不是就报501
{
unimplemented(client);
return;
}
if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)//POST方法
cgi = 1;
i = 0;
while (ISspace(buf[j]) && (j < numchars))//跳过空格
j++;
while (!ISspace(buf[j]) && (i < sizeof(url) - 1) && (j < numchars))//获取url
{
url[i] = buf[j];
i++; j++;
}
url[i] = '\0';
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0)//GET方法
{
query_string = url;
while ((*query_string != '?') && (*query_string != '\0'))
query_string++;
if (*query_string == '?')
{
cgi = 1;
*query_string = '\0';
query_string++;
}
}
sprintf(path, "htdocs%s", url);//路径
if (path[strlen(path) - 1] == '/')//如果路径是/,加上index.html
strcat(path, "index.html");
if (stat(path, &st) == -1) {//获取文件信息,成功返回0,失败返回-1
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
not_found(client);
}
else
{
if ((st.st_mode & S_IFMT) == S_IFDIR)//判断st是否是一个目录
strcat(path, "/index.html");
if ((st.st_mode & S_IXUSR) ||
(st.st_mode & S_IXGRP) ||
(st.st_mode & S_IXOTH) )//如果有可执行权限,判断为cgi,cgi置为1
cgi = 1;
if (!cgi)//如果不是cgi,读取后返回,是cgi就执行
serve_file(client, path);
else
execute_cgi(client, path, method, query_string);
}
close(client);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that a request it has made has a problem.
* Parameters: client socket */
/**********************************************************************/
void bad_request(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 400 BAD REQUEST\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<P>Your browser sent a bad request, ");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "such as a POST without a Content-Length.\r\n");
send(client, buf, sizeof(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Put the entire contents of a file out on a socket. This function
* is named after the UNIX "cat" command, because it might have been
* easier just to do something like pipe, fork, and exec("cat").
* Parameters: the client socket descriptor
* FILE pointer for the file to cat */
/**********************************************************************/
void cat(int client, FILE *resource)
{
char buf[1024];
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
while (!feof(resource))
{
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
fgets(buf, sizeof(buf), resource);
}
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that a CGI script could not be executed.
* Parameter: the client socket descriptor. */
/**********************************************************************/
void cannot_execute(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 500 Internal Server Error\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<P>Error prohibited CGI execution.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Print out an error message with perror() (for system errors; based
* on value of errno, which indicates system call errors) and exit the
* program indicating an error. */
/**********************************************************************/
void error_die(const char *sc)
{
perror(sc);
exit(1);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Execute a CGI script. Will need to set environment variables as
* appropriate.
* Parameters: client socket descriptor
* path to the CGI script */
/**********************************************************************/
void execute_cgi(int client, const char *path,
const char *method, const char *query_string)
{
char buf[1024];
int cgi_output[2];//output管道
int cgi_input[2];//input管道
pid_t pid;//进程pid
int status;//进程状态
int i;
char c;
int numchars = 1;
int content_length = -1;
buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) /*GET,读取index.html,http头后面的信息没必要分析*/
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
else if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0) /*POST*/
{
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf))//读取Content-Length
{
buf[15] = '\0';
if (strcasecmp(buf, "Content-Length:") == 0)
content_length = atoi(&(buf[16]));//从buf[16]开始的字符串转化为int
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
}
if (content_length == -1) {
bad_request(client);
return;
}
}
else/*HEAD or other*/
{
}
if (pipe(cgi_output) < 0) {//创建管道失败
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
if (pipe(cgi_input) < 0) {//创建管道失败
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
if ( (pid = fork()) < 0 ) {//fork进程失败
cannot_execute(client);
return;
}
//子进程执行cgi,父进程接收、发送数据
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
if (pid == 0) /* child: CGI script */
{
char meth_env[255];
char query_env[255];
char length_env[255];
dup2(cgi_output[1], STDOUT);//子进程输出重定向到output管道的1端
dup2(cgi_input[0], STDIN);//子进程输入重定向到input管道的0端
close(cgi_output[0]);//关闭无用管道口
close(cgi_input[1]);//关闭无用管道口
sprintf(meth_env, "REQUEST_METHOD=%s", method);
putenv(meth_env);//CGI环境变量
if (strcasecmp(method, "GET") == 0) {
sprintf(query_env, "QUERY_STRING=%s", query_string);
putenv(query_env);
}
else { /* POST */
sprintf(length_env, "CONTENT_LENGTH=%d", content_length);
putenv(length_env);
}
execl(path, NULL);//执行
exit(0);
} else { /* parent */
close(cgi_output[1]);//关闭无用管道口
close(cgi_input[0]);//关闭无用管道口
if (strcasecmp(method, "POST") == 0)//POST方法
for (i = 0; i < content_length; i++) {
recv(client, &c, 1, 0);
write(cgi_input[1], &c, 1);//把post请求数据写到input管道中,供子进程使用
}
while (read(cgi_output[0], &c, 1) > 0)
send(client, &c, 1, 0);//从output管道读取子进程处理后的数据,然后发送
close(cgi_output[0]);//关闭管道口
close(cgi_input[1]);//关闭管道口
waitpid(pid, &status, 0);//暂时停止目前进程的执行,直到有信号来到或子进程结束
}
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Get a line from a socket, whether the line ends in a newline,
* carriage return, or a CRLF combination. Terminates the string read
* with a null character. If no newline indicator is found before the
* end of the buffer, the string is terminated with a null. If any of
* the above three line terminators is read, the last character of the
* string will be a linefeed and the string will be terminated with a
* null character.
* Parameters: the socket descriptor
* the buffer to save the data in
* the size of the buffer
* Returns: the number of bytes stored (excluding null) */
/**********************************************************************/
int get_line(int sock, char *buf, int size)
{
int i = 0;
char c = '\0';
int n;
while ((i < size - 1) && (c != '\n'))
{
n = recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);//recv返回成功读取的字节数
/* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
if (n > 0)
{
if (c == '\r')//如果是\r,用MSG_PEEK再读取一个字符。把tcp buffer中的数据读取到buf中,并不把已读取的数据从tcp buffer中移除,再次调用recv仍然可以读到刚才读到的数据
{
n = recv(sock, &c, 1, MSG_PEEK);
/* DEBUG printf("%02X\n", c); */
if ((n > 0) && (c == '\n'))//如果是\n,再读一个,根据MSG_PEEK,还是\n
recv(sock, &c, 1, 0);
else
c = '\n';//如果不是\n则置为\n
}
buf[i] = c;
i++;
}
else
c = '\n';
}
buf[i] = '\0';//以NULL结束
return(i);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Return the informational HTTP headers about a file. */
/* Parameters: the socket to print the headers on
* the name of the file */
/**********************************************************************/
void headers(int client, const char *filename)
{
char buf[1024];
(void)filename; /* could use filename to determine file type */
strcpy(buf, "HTTP/1.0 200 OK\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
strcpy(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
strcpy(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Give a client a 404 not found status message. */
/**********************************************************************/
void not_found(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 404 NOT FOUND\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<HTML><TITLE>Not Found</TITLE>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>The server could not fulfill\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "your request because the resource specified\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "is unavailable or nonexistent.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Send a regular file to the client. Use headers, and report
* errors to client if they occur.
* Parameters: a pointer to a file structure produced from the socket
* file descriptor
* the name of the file to serve */
/**********************************************************************/
void serve_file(int client, const char *filename)
{
FILE *resource = NULL;
int numchars = 1;
char buf[1024];
buf[0] = 'A'; buf[1] = '\0';
while ((numchars > 0) && strcmp("\n", buf)) /* read & discard headers */
numchars = get_line(client, buf, sizeof(buf));
resource = fopen(filename, "r");
if (resource == NULL)
not_found(client);
else
{
headers(client, filename);
cat(client, resource);
}
fclose(resource);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* This function starts the process of listening for web connections
* on a specified port. If the port is 0, then dynamically allocate a
* port and modify the original port variable to reflect the actual
* port.
* Parameters: pointer to variable containing the port to connect on
* Returns: the socket */
/**********************************************************************/
int startup(u_short *port)
{
int httpd = 0;
int on = 1;
struct sockaddr_in name;
httpd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);//创建socket descriptor
if (httpd == -1)
error_die("socket");
memset(&name, 0, sizeof(name));
name.sin_family = AF_INET;
name.sin_port = htons(*port);
name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
if ((setsockopt(httpd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof(on))) < 0)
{
error_die("setsockopt failed");
}
if (bind(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, sizeof(name)) < 0)//把一个地址族中的特定地址赋给socke,成功返回0,错误返回-1
error_die("bind");
if (*port == 0) /* if dynamically allocating a port */
{
socklen_t namelen = sizeof(name);
if (getsockname(httpd, (struct sockaddr *)&name, &namelen) == -1)//获取一个套接字的名字,成功返回0,错误返回-1
error_die("getsockname");
*port = ntohs(name.sin_port);//将一个16位数由网络字节顺序转换为主机字节顺序
}
if (listen(httpd, 5) < 0)//监听socket,成功返回0,错误返回-1
error_die("listen");
return(httpd);
}
/**********************************************************************/
/* Inform the client that the requested web method has not been
* implemented.
* Parameter: the client socket */
/**********************************************************************/
void unimplemented(int client)
{
char buf[1024];
sprintf(buf, "HTTP/1.0 501 Method Not Implemented\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, SERVER_STRING);
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "Content-Type: text/html\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>Method Not Implemented\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "</TITLE></HEAD>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "<BODY><P>HTTP request method not supported.\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
sprintf(buf, "</BODY></HTML>\r\n");
send(client, buf, strlen(buf), 0);
}
/**********************************************************************/
int main(void)
{
int server_sock = -1;
u_short port = 4000;
int client_sock = -1;
struct sockaddr_in client_name;
socklen_t client_name_len = sizeof(client_name);
pthread_t newthread;
server_sock = startup(&port);//起socket
printf("httpd running on port %d\n", port);
while (1)
{
client_sock = accept(server_sock,
(struct sockaddr *)&client_name,
&client_name_len);//接收请求,失败返回-1
if (client_sock == -1)
error_die("accept");
/* accept_request(&client_sock); */
if (pthread_create(&newthread , NULL, (void *)accept_request, (void *)(intptr_t)client_sock) != 0)//创建线程处理请求,成功返回0
perror("pthread_create");
}
close(server_sock);//把套接字标记为已关闭
return(0);
}
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